Ejemplos

Implementaciones completas y production-ready de handlers de webhook. Cada ejemplo cubre el flow completo: verificacion de firma, idempotencia, procesamiento async, manejo de errores, y observability.

Elegi el stack que matchea tu backend.

Node.js / Express + Postgres

Setup tipico: servidor Express, Postgres para estado, BullMQ para trabajo async.

import express from 'express';
import crypto from 'node:crypto';
import { Pool } from 'pg';
import { Queue } from 'bullmq';

const app = express();
const pool = new Pool({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL });
const verificationQueue = new Queue('verifications', {
  connection: { host: process.env.REDIS_HOST },
});

const VERIDIA_SECRET = process.env.VERIDIA_WEBHOOK_SECRET;

app.post(
  '/webhooks/veridia',
  express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }),
  async (req, res) => {
    const sigHeader = req.header('Veridia-Signature') || '';
    const eventType = req.header('Veridia-Event') || '';
    const rawBody = req.body;

    // 1. Verificar firma
    if (!verifyVeridiaSignature(sigHeader, rawBody, VERIDIA_SECRET)) {
      console.warn('Firma Veridia invalida', { eventType });
      return res.status(401).send('Firma invalida');
    }

    const payload = JSON.parse(rawBody.toString('utf8'));

    // 2. Check de idempotencia
    const dedupKey = `${payload.verificationId}:${payload.event}`;
    const exists = await pool.query(
      'SELECT 1 FROM webhook_log WHERE dedup_key = $1',
      [dedupKey]
    );

    if (exists.rows.length > 0) {
      // Ya procesado — acknowledge y skip
      return res.status(200).send('ok');
    }

    // 3. Persistir el evento (audit trail)
    await pool.query(
      `INSERT INTO webhook_log (dedup_key, event_type, verification_id, payload, received_at)
       VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, NOW())`,
      [dedupKey, payload.event, payload.verificationId, payload]
    );

    // 4. Acknowledge ANTES de hacer trabajo pesado
    res.status(200).send('ok');

    // 5. Encolar procesamiento async (no bloquear la respuesta)
    await verificationQueue.add(payload.event, payload, {
      jobId: dedupKey,  // BullMQ tambien deduplica por jobId
      attempts: 3,
      backoff: { type: 'exponential', delay: 5000 },
    });
  }
);

function verifyVeridiaSignature(header, rawBody, secret) {
  const parts = Object.fromEntries(
    header.split(',').map(p => p.split('='))
  );
  const timestamp = parseInt(parts.t, 10);
  const receivedSig = parts.v1;

  if (!timestamp || !receivedSig) return false;
  if (Math.abs(Date.now() / 1000 - timestamp) > 300) return false;

  const signedPayload = Buffer.concat([
    Buffer.from(`${timestamp}.`, 'utf8'),
    rawBody,
  ]);
  const expectedSig = crypto
    .createHmac('sha256', secret)
    .update(signedPayload)
    .digest('hex');

  return crypto.timingSafeEqual(
    Buffer.from(expectedSig, 'hex'),
    Buffer.from(receivedSig, 'hex')
  );
}

// Worker: procesa verificaciones async
const worker = new Worker('verifications', async (job) => {
  const payload = job.data;

  switch (payload.event) {
    case 'verification.approved':
      await handleApproved(payload);
      break;
    case 'verification.rejected':
      await handleRejected(payload);
      break;
    case 'verification.review_required':
      await handleReviewRequired(payload);
      break;
  }
}, { connection: { host: process.env.REDIS_HOST } });

async function handleApproved(payload) {
  await pool.query(
    `UPDATE users SET kyc_status = 'verified', kyc_completed_at = $1
     WHERE user_ref = $2`,
    [payload.completedAt, payload.userRef]
  );
  await sendWelcomeEmail(payload.userRef);
}

async function handleRejected(payload) {
  await pool.query(
    `UPDATE users SET kyc_status = 'rejected'
     WHERE user_ref = $1`,
    [payload.userRef]
  );
  await sendRejectionEmail(payload.userRef);
}

async function handleReviewRequired(payload) {
  await pool.query(
    `UPDATE users SET kyc_status = 'pending_review'
     WHERE user_ref = $1`,
    [payload.userRef]
  );
  await notifyReviewers(payload);
}

app.listen(3000, () => console.log('Servidor de webhooks escuchando en :3000'));

Schema requerido:

CREATE TABLE webhook_log (
  dedup_key VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY,
  event_type VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
  verification_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
  payload JSONB NOT NULL,
  received_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  processed_at TIMESTAMPTZ
);

CREATE INDEX idx_webhook_log_verification ON webhook_log(verification_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_webhook_log_received_at ON webhook_log(received_at);

Python / FastAPI + SQLAlchemy + Celery

import hmac
import hashlib
import time
import os
import json

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, HTTPException, Depends
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession

from .database import get_db
from .models import WebhookLog, User
from .tasks import process_verification

app = FastAPI()
VERIDIA_SECRET = os.environ["VERIDIA_WEBHOOK_SECRET"].encode()


def verify_signature(header: str, raw_body: bytes, secret: bytes) -> bool:
    parts = dict(p.split("=", 1) for p in header.split(",") if "=" in p)
    timestamp_str = parts.get("t")
    received_sig = parts.get("v1")

    if not timestamp_str or not received_sig:
        return False

    try:
        timestamp = int(timestamp_str)
    except ValueError:
        return False

    if abs(time.time() - timestamp) > 300:
        return False

    signed_payload = f"{timestamp}.".encode() + raw_body
    expected_sig = hmac.new(secret, signed_payload, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()

    return hmac.compare_digest(expected_sig, received_sig)


@app.post("/webhooks/veridia")
async def veridia_webhook(
    request: Request,
    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
):
    sig_header = request.headers.get("veridia-signature", "")
    raw_body = await request.body()

    if not verify_signature(sig_header, raw_body, VERIDIA_SECRET):
        raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Firma invalida")

    payload = json.loads(raw_body)
    dedup_key = f"{payload['verificationId']}:{payload['event']}"

    # Check de idempotencia
    existing = await db.execute(
        WebhookLog.__table__.select().where(WebhookLog.dedup_key == dedup_key)
    )
    if existing.scalar_one_or_none():
        return {"ok": True}

    # Persistir
    log_entry = WebhookLog(
        dedup_key=dedup_key,
        event_type=payload["event"],
        verification_id=payload["verificationId"],
        payload=payload,
    )
    db.add(log_entry)
    await db.commit()

    # Encolar procesamiento async via Celery
    process_verification.delay(payload)

    return {"ok": True}


# Tarea Celery (en tasks.py)
from celery import Celery

celery = Celery("veridia", broker=os.environ["REDIS_URL"])


@celery.task(bind=True, max_retries=3, default_retry_delay=5)
def process_verification(self, payload: dict):
    try:
        if payload["event"] == "verification.approved":
            handle_approved(payload)
        elif payload["event"] == "verification.rejected":
            handle_rejected(payload)
        elif payload["event"] == "verification.review_required":
            handle_review_required(payload)
    except Exception as exc:
        raise self.retry(exc=exc)


def handle_approved(payload: dict):
    update_user_kyc(payload["userRef"], "verified", payload["completedAt"])
    send_welcome_email(payload["userRef"])

PHP / Laravel

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use App\Jobs\ProcessVeridiaWebhook;

class VeridiaWebhookController
{
    public function handle(Request $request)
    {
        $sigHeader = $request->header('Veridia-Signature', '');
        $rawBody = $request->getContent();
        $secret = config('services.veridia.webhook_secret');

        // 1. Verificar firma
        if (!$this->verifySignature($sigHeader, $rawBody, $secret)) {
            Log::warning('Firma Veridia invalida');
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Firma invalida'], 401);
        }

        $payload = json_decode($rawBody, true);
        $dedupKey = $payload['verificationId'] . ':' . $payload['event'];

        // 2. Check de idempotencia
        $exists = DB::table('webhook_log')
            ->where('dedup_key', $dedupKey)
            ->exists();

        if ($exists) {
            return response()->json(['ok' => true]);
        }

        // 3. Persistir
        DB::table('webhook_log')->insert([
            'dedup_key' => $dedupKey,
            'event_type' => $payload['event'],
            'verification_id' => $payload['verificationId'],
            'payload' => json_encode($payload),
            'received_at' => now(),
        ]);

        // 4. Encolar async (Laravel jobs)
        ProcessVeridiaWebhook::dispatch($payload);

        return response()->json(['ok' => true]);
    }

    private function verifySignature(string $header, string $rawBody, string $secret): bool
    {
        $parts = [];
        foreach (explode(',', $header) as $p) {
            $kv = explode('=', $p, 2);
            if (count($kv) === 2) {
                $parts[$kv[0]] = $kv[1];
            }
        }

        $timestamp = (int)($parts['t'] ?? 0);
        $receivedSig = $parts['v1'] ?? '';

        if ($timestamp === 0 || $receivedSig === '') {
            return false;
        }

        if (abs(time() - $timestamp) > 300) {
            return false;
        }

        $signedPayload = $timestamp . '.' . $rawBody;
        $expectedSig = hash_hmac('sha256', $signedPayload, $secret);

        return hash_equals($expectedSig, $receivedSig);
    }
}


// app/Jobs/ProcessVeridiaWebhook.php
namespace App\Jobs;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
use App\Models\User;

class ProcessVeridiaWebhook implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public int $tries = 3;
    public int $backoff = 5;

    public function __construct(public array $payload) {}

    public function handle(): void
    {
        match ($this->payload['event']) {
            'verification.approved' => $this->handleApproved(),
            'verification.rejected' => $this->handleRejected(),
            'verification.review_required' => $this->handleReviewRequired(),
            default => Log::warning('Evento Veridia desconocido', $this->payload),
        };
    }

    private function handleApproved(): void
    {
        User::where('user_ref', $this->payload['userRef'])->update([
            'kyc_status' => 'verified',
            'kyc_completed_at' => $this->payload['completedAt'],
        ]);
    }

    private function handleRejected(): void
    {
        User::where('user_ref', $this->payload['userRef'])->update([
            'kyc_status' => 'rejected',
        ]);
    }

    private function handleReviewRequired(): void
    {
        User::where('user_ref', $this->payload['userRef'])->update([
            'kyc_status' => 'pending_review',
        ]);
    }
}

Rutas (routes/api.php):

Route::post('/webhooks/veridia', [VeridiaWebhookController::class, 'handle']);

Importante: desactiva la proteccion CSRF de Laravel para la ruta del webhook. Agrega webhooks/* a $except en app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php.

Cloudflare Workers (serverless)

Para un setup totalmente serverless usando Cloudflare Workers + KV:

export default {
  async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
    if (request.method !== 'POST') {
      return new Response('Metodo no permitido', { status: 405 });
    }

    const sigHeader = request.headers.get('Veridia-Signature') || '';
    const rawBody = await request.text();

    // 1. Verificar firma
    if (!await verifySignature(sigHeader, rawBody, env.VERIDIA_WEBHOOK_SECRET)) {
      return new Response('Firma invalida', { status: 401 });
    }

    const payload = JSON.parse(rawBody);
    const dedupKey = `${payload.verificationId}:${payload.event}`;

    // 2. Idempotencia via KV
    const existing = await env.WEBHOOK_LOG.get(dedupKey);
    if (existing) {
      return new Response('ok', { status: 200 });
    }

    // 3. Marcar como recibido
    await env.WEBHOOK_LOG.put(dedupKey, JSON.stringify(payload), {
      expirationTtl: 86400 * 7,  // 7 dias
    });

    // 4. Procesar async via Queue (o inline si es rapido)
    ctx.waitUntil(processVerification(payload, env));

    return new Response('ok', { status: 200 });
  },
};

async function verifySignature(header, rawBody, secret) {
  const parts = Object.fromEntries(
    header.split(',').map(p => p.split('='))
  );
  const timestamp = parseInt(parts.t, 10);
  const receivedSig = parts.v1;

  if (!timestamp || !receivedSig) return false;
  if (Math.abs(Date.now() / 1000 - timestamp) > 300) return false;

  const signedPayload = `${timestamp}.${rawBody}`;
  const key = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
    'raw',
    new TextEncoder().encode(secret),
    { name: 'HMAC', hash: 'SHA-256' },
    false,
    ['sign']
  );
  const sigBytes = await crypto.subtle.sign(
    'HMAC',
    key,
    new TextEncoder().encode(signedPayload)
  );
  const expectedSig = Array.from(new Uint8Array(sigBytes))
    .map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'))
    .join('');

  // Comparacion constant-time
  if (expectedSig.length !== receivedSig.length) return false;
  let diff = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < expectedSig.length; i++) {
    diff |= expectedSig.charCodeAt(i) ^ receivedSig.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  return diff === 0;
}

Checklist de observability

Para deployments en produccion, loguea estos campos en cada webhook:

Campo	Por que
verificationId	Trazearlo a traves de tu sistema
event	Filtrar por tipo de evento
tenantId	Routing multi-tenant
signature_valid	Detectar intentos no autorizados
dedup_hit	Detectar loops de retry
processing_duration_ms	Tracking de SLO
error_class	Triage de fallas

Una buena query Datadog / Honeycomb / Loki: webhook_received{event="verification.review_required"} | rate() te muestra el volumen de tu cola de revision en tiempo real.

Testing local

Para dev local, repeti un webhook capturado con curl:

#!/bin/bash
# captura un webhook real desde tu dashboard "Webhooks > Deliveries", 
# despues guarda el body raw y el header de firma
SECRET="whsec_tu_test_secret"
BODY=$(cat captured-body.json)
TS=$(date +%s)
SIG=$(printf "%s.%s" "$TS" "$BODY" | openssl dgst -sha256 -hmac "$SECRET" | awk '{print $2}')

curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/webhooks/veridia \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Veridia-Signature: t=${TS},v1=${SIG}" \
  -H "Veridia-Event: verification.approved" \
  -d "$BODY"

Que sigue

• Webhooks overview — volver al overview
• Verificacion de firma — referencia del algoritmo
• Tipos de eventos — schemas de payload